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J. : Donc, cannibale c'est celui qui se nourrit de l'autre de sa même espèce, alors qu'anthropophage est celui qui mange des hommes, que ce soit un porc ou un autre homme, dans ce dernier cas, lui-même, en plus, cannibale... L. : Oui, c'est exact. Ce qui est curieux, c'est que manger l'autre est devenu très tôt, du fait même qu'il désignait plus un imaginaire qu'un phénomène attesté, métaphorique, et ainsi au XVIIIe siècle on utilisait anthropophage pour désigner un " exploiteur " voire un " bourreau " du temps de la Révolution française... J. : C'est donc dans le sens d " exploiteur " que le capitaine Haddock le reprend comme terme d'injure dans sa liste interminable d'insultes, entre " canaque " et " catachrèse " L. : Oui, c'est vrai... Ce qui est étonnant et qui fait partie de la magie de la langue, c'est que le chien est depuis toujours dans l'imaginaire humain un mangeur d'hommes, et qu'on peut faire une étymologie fantaisiste et arriver à cannibale, l'animal canin qui mange des hommes ; et s'il s'agit d'un homme, du fait même de dévorer de la chair humaine, il devient lui-même cannibale, c'est-à-dire chien, animal, bête... J. : En tout cas, alors que par " anthropophagie " on comprend une coutume alimentaire associée aux tribus et autres sociétés humaines primitives, le terme " cannibale " renvoie dans l'imaginaire populaire à, comme dirait Pierre Chaunu, " un bel appétit ". L. : Et à une culture, à une tradition faite de dieux et d'hommes " notables " qui ont pratiqué le cannibalisme, et qui constituent une véritable lignée cannibalesque, des origines à nos jours. Et ce, en Occident, chez nous, en Europe, pas ailleurs, pas chez les autres...

Anthropophagy --- Cannibalism --- Cannibalisme --- Kannibalisme --- Cannibalism.

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The cannibal has played a surprisingly important role in the history of thought--perhaps the ultimate symbol of savagery and degradation-- haunting the Western imagination since before the Age of Discovery, when Europeans first encountered genuine cannibals and related horrible stories of shipwrecked travelers eating each other. An Intellectual History of Cannibalism is the first book to systematically examine the role of the cannibal in the arguments of philosophers, from the classical period to modern disputes about such wide-ranging issues as vegetarianism and the right to private property. Catalin Avramescu shows how the cannibal is, before anything else, a theoretical creature, one whose fate sheds light on the decline of theories of natural law, the emergence of modernity, and contemporary notions about good and evil. This provocative history of ideas traces the cannibal's appearance throughout Western thought, first as a creature springing from the menagerie of natural law, later as a diabolical retort to theological dogmas about the resurrection of the body, and finally to present-day social, ethical, and political debates in which the cannibal is viewed through the lens of anthropology or invoked in the service of moral relativism. Ultimately, An Intellectual History of Cannibalism is the story of the birth of modernity and of the philosophies of culture that arose in the wake of the Enlightenment. It is a book that lays bare the darker fears and impulses that course through the Western intellectual tradition.

Cannibalism --- Anthropophagy --- Ethnology --- History. --- Philosophy.

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Anthropophagy --- Cannibalism --- Cannibalisme --- Kannibalisme --- Ethnology --- Anthropologie sociale et culturelle --- Methodology --- Méthodologie --- Méthodologie

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The practice of cannibalism is in certain cultures rejected as evil, while in others it plays a central part in the ritual order. Anthropologists have offered various explanations for the existence of cannibalism, none of which, Peggy Sanday claims, is adequate. In this book she presents a new approach to understanding the phenomenon. Through a detailed examination of ritual cannibalism in selected tribal societies, and a comparison of those cases with others in which the practice is absent, she shows that cannibalism is closely linked to people's orientation to the world, and that it serves as a concrete device for distinguishing the 'cultural self' from the 'natural other'. Combining perspectives drawn from the work of Ricoeur, Freud, Hegel, and Jung and from symbolic anthropology, Sanday argues that ritual cannibalism is intimately connected both with the constructs by which the origin and continuity of life are understood and assured from one generation to the next and with the way in which that understanding is used to control the vital forces considered necessary for the cannibalism in a culture derives from basic human attitudes toward life and death, combined with the realities of the material world. As well as making an original contribution to the understanding of the significant human practice, Sanday also develops a theoretical argument of wider relevance to anthropologists, sociologists, and other readers interested in the function and meaning of cannibalism.

Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Cannibalism --- Cross-cultural studies. --- Cross-cultural studies --- Cannibalism - Cross-cultural studies. --- Anthropophagy --- Ethnology --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology

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In this radical reexamination of the notion of cannibalism, Gananath Obeyesekere offers a fascinating and convincing argument that cannibalism is mostly "cannibal talk," a discourse on the Other engaged in by both indigenous peoples and colonial intruders that results in sometimes funny and sometimes deadly cultural misunderstandings. Turning his keen intelligence to Polynesian societies in the early periods of European contact and colonization, Obeyesekere deconstructs Western eyewitness accounts, carefully examining their origins and treating them as a species of fiction writing and seamen's yarns. Cannibalism is less a social or cultural fact than a mythic representation of European writing that reflects much more the realities of European societies and their fascination with the practice of cannibalism, he argues. And while very limited forms of cannibalism might have occurred in Polynesian societies, they were largely in connection with human sacrifice and carried out by a select community in well-defined sacramental rituals. Cannibal Talk considers how the colonial intrusion produced a complex self-fulfilling prophecy whereby the fantasy of cannibalism became a reality as natives on occasion began to eat both Europeans and their own enemies in acts of "conspicuous anthropophagy."

Cannibalism. --- Cannibalisme --- Cannibalism --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Social & Cultural Anthropology --- Ethnology. --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropophagy --- Ethnology --- Human beings